媒介批评:理论与方法 Media Criticism: Theory and Method

“媒介批评”是现代大众传播学的重要分支,简单而言,就是批评媒介,是对大众传播媒介本身进行批评,属于应用传播学的研究领域。随着技术的进步和传媒产业的不断发展,“媒介化社会”的到来,媒介在现代社会中产生越来越重要的影响。为了保证媒介自身的良性发展,需要对媒介本身进行制约,以明确媒介的边界。因此,如何对媒介及其传播的信息进行反思性评判,是媒介批评要解决的主要问题。

媒介批评就是指立足于批判的价值立场、传播观念和理论背景,对大众传播活动的政治经济机制、媒介机构和从业者、媒介的基本形态、媒介产品、媒介文本及内容,以及媒介受众等所进行的理论观察、分析、评价等批判性反思活动。媒介批评研究基于人文学科和社会科学的基本研究方法,以大众传播活动及其媒介产品为主要研究对象。简言之,媒介批评就是立足于批判的价值立场对媒介活动及其产品和传播观念进行研究。因此,明确的价值立场和反思性批判是媒介批评的本质。

“Media criticism” is an important branch of modern masscommunication. In a word, it, which belongs to the field of applicationcommunication studies, is to criticize media. With the technologyadvancing, the media industry developing and “social media” arriving,the media is playing a more and more important role in the modern society.To guarantee the positive development of the media itself, the mediaitself need to be restricted so as to make clear its boundary. Therefore,how to carry out the reflective judgment on the media and information isthe main problem of media criticism which still remains to be solved.

Media criticism refers to reflective judgment, which bases on thecriticism of the value standpoint, the dissemination of the concept andthe theory background. Media criticism is the observation, analysis,

evaluation, which is concluded from the humanities and social sciencefundamental research method, to the political and economy mechanism ofmedia, mass communication media agencies and media practitioners, thebasic form, media products, media text and the content, the audience. Inshort, media criticism is a research which base on the critical valuestandpoint in the media activities, media products and the concept ofcommunication. A clear value standpoint and critical reflective is theessence of media criticism.